Simple Summary Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive brain cancer, and early detection and
accurate diagnosis are crucial for effective treatment. Traditional diagnostic methods have …

Lung cancer demands innovative approaches for early detection and targeted treatment. In
addressing this urgent need, exosomes play a pivotal role in revolutionizing both the early …

Although the pathological mechanisms involved in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid
arthritis (RA) are different, the onset and progression of both diseases are associated with …

Immunosensors are a special class of biosensors that employ specific antibodies for
biorecognition of the target analyte. Immunosensors that target disease biomarkers may be …

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology in recent years has opened new avenues of
investigation for biomedical sciences. Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are formulated from plant …

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an important pathological process of acute respiratory distress
syndrome, yet there are limited therapies for its treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells-derived …

Exosomes are small subtypes of extracellular vesicles (EVs) naturally released by different
types of cells into their environment. Their physiological roles appear to be multiple, yet …

In-vitro diagnostics (IVD) has become an in-demand area with a high-achievement
transformation due to the expansion of new technologies. Technology has grown from time …

A robust adaptive immune response is essential for combatting pathogens. In the wrong
context such as due to genetic and environmental factors, however, the same mechanisms …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is recognized as an autoimmune joint disease driven by T cell
responses to self (or modified self or microbial mimic) antigens that trigger and aggravate …