Mortars and plasters-How to characterize mortar and plaster degradation

MF La Russa, SA Ruffolo - Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences, 2021 - Springer
The degradation of mortars and plasters can represent a threat for their preservation. That is
why a deep understanding of the degradation mechanisms and the identification of …

The impact of Air Pollution on Stone materials

SA Ruffolo, MF La Russa, N Rovella, M Ricca - Environments, 2023 - mdpi.com
Air pollution can have a significant impact on stone materials used in monuments, buildings,
and sculptures. Sulfur and nitrogen oxides are particularly harmful pollutants, especially in …

The historic built environment as a long-term geochemical archive: telling the time on the urban “pollution clock”

K Wilhelm, J Longman, CD Standish… - … Science & Technology, 2023 - ACS Publications
This study introduces a novel methodology for utilizing historic built environments as reliable
long-term geochemical archives, addressing a gap in the reconstruction of past …

Characterization of black crusts developed on historic stones with diverse mineralogy under different air quality environments

JS Pozo-Antonio, C Cardell, V Comite… - … Science and Pollution …, 2022 - Springer
Black crusts (BCs) are one of the most critical alteration forms found on stones belonging to
architectural heritage. Since they could be considered as passive samplers of atmospheric …

A multi-analytical approach for the characterization of black crusts on the facade of an historical cathedral

V Comite, JS Pozo-Antonio, C Cardell, L Randazzo… - Microchemical …, 2020 - Elsevier
This study focuses on the characterization of black crusts collected from the Monza cathedral
located in the homonymous city (N Italy), a hot spot from the point of view of the atmospheric …

Geochemical and mineralogical composition of black weathering crusts on limestones from seven different European countries

O Farkas, S Siegesmund, T Licha, Á Török - Environmental earth sciences, 2018 - Springer
Twenty-seven samples of black weathering crust and host carbonates were studied from
seven European countries (Germany, Hungary, Belgium, Czech Republic, France, Italy and …

Analysis of fungal deterioration phenomena in the first Portuguese King tomb using a multi-analytical approach

J Trovão, F Gil, L Catarino, F Soares, I Tiago… - International …, 2020 - Elsevier
During the ongoing characterization of limestone biodeterioration in the UNESCO World
Heritage site of “University of Coimbra–Alta and Sofia”(Coimbra, Portugal), it was brought to …

A multi-analytical approach for the identification of pollutant sources on black crust samples: Stable isotope ratio of carbon, sulphur, and oxygen

M Ricciardi, C Pironti, V Comite, A Bergomi… - Science of The Total …, 2024 - Elsevier
This study is focused on the identification of pollutant sources on black crust (BC) samples
from the Monumental Cemetery of Milan (Italy), through a multi-analytical approach based …

Stone-built heritage as a proxy archive for long-term historical air quality: A study of weathering crusts on three generations of stone sculptures on Broad Street, Oxford

K Wilhelm, J Longman, SA Orr, H Viles - Science of the Total Environment, 2021 - Elsevier
Black crusts on historic buildings are mainly known for their aesthetic and deteriorative
impacts, yet they also can advance air pollution research. Past air pollutants accumulate in …

The effects of air pollution on cultural heritage: The case study of Santa Maria delle Grazie al Naviglio Grande (Milan)

V Comite, P Fermo - The European Physical Journal Plus, 2018 - Springer
Atmospheric pollution causes monuments surface degradation in urban environments.
Among the degradation processes the formation of black crusts (BCs) is one of the most …