Cellular immune responses consist of innate and adaptive cell-mediated immune
mechanisms, where all leukocyte subpopulations are included. Among these are vital …

What is known about the biological activity of fish cytokines is reviewed. Most of the
functional studies performed to date have been in teleost fish, and have focused on the …

It is well known that healthy gut microbiota is essential to promote host health and well‐
being. The intestinal microbiota of endothermic animals as well as fish are classified as …

Infectious diseases in fish represent a major problem for the aquaculture field as they
produce extensive damages and loss. Over the last few years, with increased development …

The immune system of fish is very similar to vertebrates, although there are some important
differences. Fish are free-living organisms from the embryonic stage of life in their aquatic …

The C-type lectin receptor–Syk (spleen tyrosine kinase) adaptor CARD9 facilitates protective
antifungal immunity within the central nervous system (CNS), as human deficiency in …

Recombinant interferon‐α (IFN‐α) was approved by regulatory agencies in many countries
in 1986. As the first biotherapeutic approved, IFN‐α paved the way for the development of …

▪ Abstract The Class 2 α-helical cytokines consist of interleukin-10 (IL-10), IL-19, IL-20, IL-22,
IL-24 (Mda-7), and IL-26, interferons (IFN-α,-β,-ε,-κ,-ω,-δ,-τ, and-γ) and interferon-like …

Cytokines, produced at the site of entry of a pathogen, drive inflammatory signals that
regulate the capacity of resident and newly arrived phagocytes to destroy the invading …

The decline in the fisheries of traditional marine species has been an incentive for the
diversification of today's aquaculture sector into the intensive rearing of many finfish species …