Infection by viruses having lipid-bilayer envelopes proceeds through fusion of the viral
membrane with a membrane of the target cell. Viral'fusion proteins' facilitate this process …

Oral lipid-based drug delivery systems may include a broad range of oils, surfactants, and
cosolvents. This diversity makes comparison of lipid-based formulations difficult. Although …

Recent work has identified three distinct classes of viral membrane fusion proteins based on
structural criteria. In addition, there are at least four distinct mechanisms by which viral fusion …

The activation of innate immune responses by nucleic acids is crucial to protective and
pathological immunities and is mediated by the transmembrane Toll-like receptors (TLRs) …

The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a tick-borne human-
infecting bunyavirus, which utilizes two envelope glycoproteins, Gn and Gc, to enter host …

Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) contains antigenic sites recognized by the host immune
system, cleavage sites cleaved by host proteases, receptor binding sites attaching to sialyl …

Ebolavirus (EBOV) is a highly virulent pathogen capable of causing a severe hemorrhagic
fever with 50–90% lethality. The EBOV glycoprotein (GP) is the only virally expressed …

Influenza A virus strains adopt different host specificities mainly depending on their
hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Via HA, the virus binds sialic acid receptors of the host cell and …

In order to replicate, most pathogens need to enter their target cells. Many viruses enter the
host cell through an endocytic pathway and hijack endosomes for their journey towards sites …

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a rapidly emerging mosquito-borne alphavirus causing
millions of infections in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. CHIKV infection …