Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that target two key signalling
pathways related to T cell activation and exhaustion, by binding to and inhibiting cytotoxic T …

In the 1970s, treatment with thyroid extract was superseded by levothyroxine, a synthetic l
form of tetraiodothyronine. Since then, no major innovation has emerged for the treatment of …

Background: Fourteen clinical trials have not shown a consistent benefit of combination
therapy with levothyroxine (LT4) and liothyronine (LT3). Despite the publication of these …

In the 1990s, selenium was identified as a component of an enzyme that activates thyroid
hormone; since this discovery, the relevance of selenium to thyroid health has been widely …

Background The use of levothyroxine to treat subclinical hypothyroidism is controversial. We
aimed to determine whether levothyroxine provided clinical benefits in older persons with …

There has been an established relationship between hypothyroidism and depression.
Studies have demonstrated that somatostatin and serotonin influence the hypothalamus …

The purpose of this article will be to review the basics of thyroid hormone therapy, including
various thyroid hormone formulations, the institution and monitoring of thyroid hormone …

Objective Dissatisfaction with treatment and impaired quality of life (QOL) are reported
among people with treated hypothyroidism. We aimed to gain insight into this. Design and …

Importance It is unclear whether levothyroxine treatment provides clinically important
benefits in adults aged 80 years and older with subclinical hypothyroidism. Objective To …

Context It is well recognized that some hypothyroid patients on levothyroxine (LT4) remain
symptomatic, but why patients are susceptible to this condition, why symptoms persist, and …