Significant challenges to worldwide sustainable food production continue to arise from
environmental change and consistent population growth. In order to meet increasing …

Water environments are increasingly recognized as a conduit for the spread of antibiotic
resistance, but there is need to standardize antibiotic resistance monitoring protocols to …

Antibiotics and corresponding resistance genes and resistant bacteria have been
considered as emerging pollutants worldwide. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are …

This chapter focuses on the impact of antibiotic resistance caused by chromosomal
mutations on bacterial fitness. An approach to estimate the biological costs associated with …

Sulfonamides were the first drugs acting selectively on bacteria which could be used
systemically. Today they are infrequently used, in part due to widespread resistance. The …

The integron is a new type of mobile element which has evolved by a site-specific
recombinational mechanism. Integrons consist of two conserved segments of DNA …

Antibiotic resistance is a clinical and socioeconomical problem that is here to stay.
Resistance can be natural or acquired. Some bacterial species, such as Pseudomonas …

Trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfonamides (SULs) are synthetic antibacterial agents. The first
SUL compounds were used in 1932, whereas TMP is a relatively new compound first used …

Sulfonamides are the first successfully synthesized antimicrobial drugs. The mechanism of
sulfonamides antimicrobial action involves competitive inhibition of folic acid synthesis …

Background There is a clear association between heavy antimicrobial consumption within a
population and the frequent recovery of resistant bacteria, but whether a reduction in …