Molecular oxygen (O2) is a vital element in human survival and plays a major role in a
diverse range of biological and physiological processes. Although normobaric hyperoxia …

Exercise-induced hypoxemia (EIH) is well-described in endurance-trained athletes during
both maximal and submaximal exercise intensities. Despite the drop in oxygen (O2) …

The pachychoroid disease spectrum (PDS) includes several chorioretinal diseases that
share specific choroidal abnormalities. Although their pathophysiological basis is poorly …

A bstract Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) causes severe hypoxemia which fulfills the
criteria of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) but is not accompanied by typical …

This pre-eminent work has developed over six editions in response to man's attempts to
climb higher and higher unaided, and to spend more time at altitude for both work and …

With ascent to high altitude, barometric pressure declines, leading to a reduction in the
partial pressure of oxygen at every point along the oxygen transport chain from the ambient …

Background Pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 pneumonia are well known. However,
COVID-19 is also associated with a range of vascular manifestations such as embolism …

During sea‐level exercise, blood flow through intrapulmonary arteriovenous anastomoses
(IPAVA) in humans without a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is negatively correlated with …

The foramen ovale is an essential component of the fetal circulation contributing to
oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination that remains patent under certain …

Human spaceflight is entering a time of markedly increased activity fueled by collaboration
between governmental and private industry entities. This has resulted in successful mission …