Raf are conserved, ubiquitous serine/protein kinases discovered as the cellular elements
hijacked by transforming retroviruses. The three mammalian RAF proteins (A, B and CRAF) …

The small GTPase Rac1 has been implicated in a variety of dynamic cell biological
processes, including cell proliferation, cell survival, cell-cell contacts, epithelial …

MicroRNAs are important gene regulators that potentially play a profound role in
tumorigenesis. Increasing evidence indicates that miR-145 is a tumor suppressor capable of …

Background: A small subset (10–15%) of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) lack
mutations in KIT and PDGFRA (wild-type GIST). Recently, a novel BRAF exon 15 mutation …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) make up a novel class of gene regulators; they function as oncogenes
or tumor suppressors by targeting tumor-suppressor genes or oncogenes. A recent study …

Some 25 years ago, Raf was discovered as the transforming principle shared by a murine
sarcoma and an avian carcinoma virus. Thus, Raf and tumorigenesis have been connected …

Breast, lung, and pancreatic cancers collectively represent one third of all diagnosed tumors
and are responsible for almost 40% of overall cancer mortality. Despite improvements in …

The dimerisation of Raf kinases involves a central cluster within the kinase domain, the
dimer interface (DIF). Yet, the importance of the DIF for the signalling potential of wild‐type B …

Rho GTPases are critical signal transducers of multiple pathways. They have been
proposed to be useful anti-neoplastic targets for over two decades, especially in Ras-driven …

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a form of epithelial plasticity implicated in
fibrosis and tumor metastasis. Here we show that the mechanical rigidity of the …