Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are impressive fluid dynamical events in which
large and rapid temperature increases in the winter polar stratosphere (∼ 10–50 km) are …

Large-scale, intra-seasonal to inter-annual variability of the stratosphere is reviewed. Much
of the variability is dynamical and induced by waves emanating from the troposphere. It is …

Over recent years there have been concomitant advances in the development of
stratosphere-resolving numerical models, our understanding of stratosphere–troposphere …

Using reanalysis, observations, and subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) forecasts, the most
recent sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in January 2021 and its predictability are …

Using reanalysis data, observations, and seasonal forecasts, the March Arctic ozone loss
events in 1997, 2011, and 2020 and their predictability are compared. All of the three ozone …

Progress and persistent biases in the simulation of the stratospheric polar vortex from three
generations of Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIPs) are assessed. On average …

The 2020 summer monsoon season in East Asia was unusually long and intense, and the
Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) has been proposed as an underlying reason. This study …

More than 110,000 Europeans died as a result of the record-breaking temperatures of 2022
and 2023. A new generation of impact-based early warning systems, using epidemiological …

Sudden Stratospheric Warmings (SSWs) are major disruptions of the Northern Hemisphere
(NH) stratospheric polar vortex and occur on average approximately 6 times per decade in …

Dramatic meteorological phenomena in the winter polar stratosphere known as Sudden
Stratospheric Warming (SSW) events are well recognized for their impacts felt across the …