P2X receptors are membrane ion channels that open in response to the binding of
extracellular ATP. Seven genes in vertebrates encode P2X receptor subunits, which are 40 …

Mammalian ATP-gated nonselective cation channels (P2XRs) can be composed of seven
possible subunits, denoted P2X1 to P2X7. Each subunit contains a large ectodomain, two …

The P2X 7 receptor (P2X 7 R) is an ATP-gated ion channel expressed by monocytes and
macrophages. To directly address the role of this receptor in interleukin (IL)-1β post …

IL-1β and IL-18 are crucial mediators of inflammation, and a defective control of their release
may cause serious diseases. Yet, the mechanisms regulating IL-1β and IL-18 secretion are …

Nucleotides are emerging as an ubiquitous family of extracellular signaling molecules. It has
been known for many years that adenosine diphosphate is a potent platelet aggregating …

The study of P2X receptors has long been handicapped by a poverty of small-molecule tools
that serve as selective agonists and antagonists. There has been progress, particularly in …

The release of IL-1β is a tightly controlled process that requires induced synthesis of the
precursor pro-IL-1β and a second stimulus that initiates cleavage and secretion of mature IL …

ATP acts as a humoral mediator to control cell function extracellularly. The receptors that
mediate the actions of ATP belong to two classes, the metabotropic P2Y receptors and the …

There are seven P2X receptor cDNAs currently known. Six homomeric (P2X1, P2X2, P2X3,
P2X4, P2X5, P2X7) and three heteromeric (P2X2/P2X3, P2X4/P2X6, P2X1/P2X5) P2X …

There are few antagonists selective for subtypes of the several P2X receptors, but these are
needed to identify the receptors expressed on native cells and tissues. In particular, P2X4 …