Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review
provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt …

Calcium ions function as a key second messenger ion in eukaryotes. Spatially and
temporally defined cytoplasmic Ca2+ signals are shaped through the concerted activity of …

Heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cd, Zn, Hg and arsenic are for long being
accumulated in soils through industrial waste and sewage disposal. Although some of these …

Heavy metal contamination of soil and water causing toxicity/stress has become one
important constraint to crop productivity and quality. This situation has further worsened by …

Contents Summary 49 I. Introduction 49 II. Physiological and structural characteristics of
plant Ca2+‐permeable ion channels 50 III. Ca2+ extrusion systems 61 IV. Concluding …

An increase in technological interventions and ruthless urbanization in the name of
development has deteriorated our environment over time and caused the buildup of heavy …

Plants and microbes coexist or compete for survival and their cohesive interactions play a
vital role in adapting to metalliferous environments, and can thus be explored to improve …

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and humans. Nearly 50% of the agriculture
soils of world are Zn-deficient. The low availability of Zn reduces the yield and quality of the …

Zinc belongs to the mineral elements, the so-called micronutrients, which are essential for all
types of plants. Embedding itself into the enzymes associated with proteosynthesis and …

Plant cells orchestrate an array of molecular mechanisms for maintaining plasmatic
concentrations of essential heavy metal (HM) ions, for example, iron, zinc and copper, within …