Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Advances in our
understanding of the genomics of lung cancer have led to substantial progress in the …

Treatment of advanced (metastatic) non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is currently mainly
based on immunotherapy with antibodies against PD-1 or PD-L1, alone, or in combination …

Background TGF-β promotes tumor invasion and metastasis through inducing epithelial-
mesenchymal transition (EMT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Circular RNAs …

R-loops are three-stranded nucleic acid structures found abundantly and yet often viewed as
by-products of transcription. Studying cells from patients with a motor neuron disease …

Background Diabetic retinopathy, a vascular complication of diabetes mellitus, is the leading
cause of visual impairment and blindness. circRNAs act as competing endogenous RNA …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) superfamily signaling via their cognate receptors is
frequently modified by TGF‐β superfamily co‐receptors. Signaling through SMAD‐mediated …

Regulator of G-protein signaling 6 (RGS6) is a newly discovered tumor suppressor that has
been shown to be protective in development of various cancers such as breast cancer and …

Exosomal microRNA (miRNA) exerts potential roles in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
The current study elucidated the role of miR‐30b‐5p shuttled by bone marrow mesenchymal …

Activation of TGF-β signaling serves as an extrinsic resistance mechanism that limits the
potential for radiotherapy. Bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound …

Immunotherapy with immune‐checkpoint therapy has recently been used to treat oral
squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). However, improvements in current immunotherapy are …