Aposematic theory has historically predicted that predators should select for warning signals
to converge on a single form, as a result of frequency‐dependent learning. However …

The strategies underlying different forms of protective coloration are well understood but little
attention has been paid to the ecological, life‐history and behavioural circumstances under …

Millipedes are some of the earliest examples of terrestrial animals, and fossils from the early
Carboniferous Period indicate they were also some of the earliest prey. These fossils record …

Mimicry—when one organism (the mimic) evolves a phenotypic resemblance to another (the
model) due to selective benefits—is widely used to illustrate natural selection's power to …

A critical function of animal coloration is avoiding attack, either by warning predators or
reducing detectability. Evolution of these divergent strategies may depend on prey …

Plants and animals are often adorned with potentially conspicuous colours (eg red, yellow,
orange, blue, purple). These include the dazzling colours of fruits and flowers, the brilliant …

Acoustic and substrate‐borne vibrations are among the most widely used signalling
modalities in animals. Arthropods display a staggering diversity of vibroacoustic organs …

Microhexura montivaga is a miniature tarantula‐like spider endemic to the highest peaks of
the southern Appalachian mountains and is known only from six allopatric, highly disjunct …

Deals with all aspects of adaptive resemblance Full colour Covers everything from classic
examples of Batesian, Mullerian, aggressive and sexual mimicries through to human …

Aposematic organisms couple conspicuous warning signals with a secondary defense to
deter predators from attacking. Novel signals of aposematic prey are expected to be …