Transforming growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) and bone morphometric proteins (BMPs) belong to
the TGF-β superfamily and perform essential functions during osteoblast and chondrocyte …

The skeleton is a highly dynamic tissue whose structure relies on the balance between bone
deposition and resorption. This equilibrium, which depends on osteoblast and osteoclast …

Mechanobiology has underpinned many scientific advances in understanding how
biophysical and biomechanical cues regulate cell behavior by identifying mechanosensitive …

Bone defects stemming from tumorous growths, traumatic events, and diverse conditions
present a profound conundrum in clinical practice and research. While bone has the …

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are ancient signal transducers well
characterized as mediators of inflammation and neoplastic transformation. Recent work has …

The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway can be activated in
response to a wide range of extracellular signals. As a consequence, it can generate many …

Bone regulates its mass and quality in response to diverse mechanical, hormonal, and local
signals. The bone anabolic or catabolic responses to these signals are often received by …

For millennia, in the different cultures all over the world, plants have been extensively used
as a source of therapeutic agents with wide-ranging medicinal applications, thus becoming …

Mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells (MSCs) have a multi-differentiation potential into
specialized cell types, with remarkable regenerative and therapeutic results. Several factors …

Bone mass is determined by the balance between bone formation, carried out by
mesenchymal stem cell-derived osteoblasts, and bone resorption, carried out by monocyte …