Winners and losers of elections have different stakes in protecting democratic institutions.
We provide new evidence for the effects of partisanship and economic performance on …

Many democracies are witnessing the rise and continuing success of parties and politicians
who oppose fundamental principles of liberal democracy. Recent research finds that voters …

Despite waves of democratic backsliding over the last decade, most global citizens still claim
to support democracy. On the other hand, many citizens become more supportive of specific …

The perceived social acceptability of intolerance is believed to drive individual intolerance, a
process we refer to as normalization. Social intolerance can be particularly high during …

Democracy is weakened when citizens and elites do not criticize actions or actors that
undermine its principles. Yet this study documents a widespread pattern of partisan …

Why do citizens in democracies fail to punish political candidates who openly violate
democratic standards at the ballot box? The bulk of existing research has focused on …

Dalam lima tahun terakhir, lembaga pemeringkat indeks demokrasi Freedom House, The
Economist Intelligence Unit's, dan Varieties of Democracy menampilkan data terjadinya …

Since the end of World War II, democracies typically fell apart by coup d'? tat or through
force. Today, however, they are increasingly eroding at the hands of democratically elected …

Party elites frequently seek to change election rules for their benefit, but these changes do
not always align with the democratic principles of the mass public. If party elites are able to …

In contexts of democratic backsliding, citizens represent the last bulwark against the
systematic dismantling of checks and balances by overbearing executives. And yet, they …