Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique for focal brain
stimulation based on electromagnetic induction where a fluctuating magnetic field induces a …

Background/objectives Over the last ten years, an increasing number of authors have used
the theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocol to investigate long-term potentiation (LTP) and …

Background In recent years, many studies have evaluated the effects of noninvasive brain
stimulation (NIBS) techniques for the treatment of several neurological and psychiatric …

This article is based on a consensus conference, which took place in Certosa di Pontignano,
Siena (Italy) on March 7–9, 2008, intended to update the previous safety guidelines for the …

Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques have been widely used for studying the
physiology of the CNS, identifying the functional role of specific brain structures and, more …

The after-effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) are highly variable
between individuals. Because different populations of cortical neurons are stimulated more …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
worldwide. In spite of considerable advances in understanding the neural underpinnings of …

During the last two decades, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has rapidly become a
valuable method to investigate noninvasively the human brain. In addition, repetitive TMS …

Noninvasive brain stimulation has been demonstrated to modulate cortical activity in
humans. In particular, theta burst stimulation (TBS) has gained notable attention due to its …

A number of methods have been developed recently that stimulate the human brain non‐
invasively through the intact scalp. The most common are transcranial magnetic stimulation …