Glutamate serves as both the mammalian brain's primary excitatory neurotransmitter and as
a key neuromodulator to control synapse and circuit function over a wide range of spatial …

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe psychiatric disorder that has profound impact on an
individual's life and on society. Thus, developing more effective therapeutic interventions is …

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects almost 1% of the population worldwide.
Even though the etiology of schizophrenia is uncertain, it is believed to be a …

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play critical roles in regulating brain function. Recent
advances have greatly expanded our understanding of these receptors as complex …

The neurotransmitters glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmit synaptic signals
by activating fast-acting ligand-gated ion channels and more slowly acting G-protein …

Neuronal homeostasis prevents hyperactivity and hypoactivity. Age-related hyperactivity
suggests homeostasis may be dysregulated in later life. However, plasticity mechanisms …

G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) convey signals across membranes via interaction with
G proteins. Originally, an individual GPCR was thought to signal through one G protein …

Neurotrophic factors are a family of growth factors that modulate cellular growth, survival,
and differentiation. For many decades, it has been generally believed that a lack of …

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) play important roles in regulating complex
behaviors such as cognition, movement, and reward, making them ideally situated as …

Allosteric modulation of GPCRs has initiated a new era of basic and translational discovery,
filled with therapeutic promise yet fraught with caveats. Allosteric ligands stabilize unique …