Soil salinization is a severe abiotic stress that negatively affects plant growth and
development, leading to physiological abnormalities and ultimately threatening global food …

The generation of oxygen radicals and their derivatives, known as reactive oxygen
species,(ROS) is a part of the signaling process in higher plants at lower concentrations, but …

Salt stress is one of the major environmental stresses limiting plant growth and productivity.
To adapt to salt stress, plants have developed various strategies to integrate exogenous …

Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts the growth and yield of crops.
Understanding the physiological, metabolic, and biochemical responses of plants to salt …

Salt stress is one of the significant environmental stressors that severely affects plant growth
and development. Plant responses to salt stress involve a series of biological mechanisms …

Each year, abiotic stress conditions such as drought, heat, salinity, cold and particularly their
different combinations, inflict a heavy toll on crop productivity worldwide. The effects of these …

Temperature influences the seasonal growth and geographical distribution of plants. Heat or
cold stress occur when temperatures exceed or fall below the physiological optimum ranges …

Salinity stress is the major abiotic stress that affects crop production and productivity as it
has a multifarious negative effect on the growth and development of the plant. Salinity stress …

Plants often live in adverse environmental conditions and are exposed to various stresses,
such as heat, cold, heavy metals, salt, radiation, poor lighting, nutrient deficiency, drought, or …

Jasmonates (JAs) and ethylene (ET), often acting cooperatively, play essential roles in
regulating plant defense against pests and pathogens. Recent research reviewed here has …