Abstract Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) is an emerging research topic of machine
learning aimed at unboxing how AI systems' black-box choices are made. This research field …

The ever‐growing global threats to human life caused by the human acute respiratory virus
(RV) infections have cost billions of lives, created a significant economic burden, and …

In the modern era, many terms related to artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep
learning are widely used in domains such as business, healthcare, industries, and military …

As a subfield of machine learning, reinforcement learning (RL) aims at optimizing decision
making by using interaction samples of an agent with its environment and the potentially …

Empowered by artificial intelligence (AI), chatbots are surging as new technologies with both
business potential and customer pushback. This study exploits field experiment data on …

Cities are increasingly turning towards specialized technologies to address issues related to
society, ecology, morphology and many others. The emerging concept of Smart Cities highly …

Artificial intelligence (AI) is one of the most disruptive technologies of our time. Interest in the
use of AI for urban innovation continues to grow. Particularly, the rise of smart cities—urban …

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a new technical discipline that uses computer technology to
research and develop the theory, method, technique, and application system for the …

Health care organizations are leveraging machine-learning techniques, such as artificial
neural networks (ANN), to improve delivery of care at a reduced cost. Applications of ANN to …

The practice of medicine is changing with the development of new Artificial Intelligence (AI)
methods of machine learning. Coupled with rapid improvements in computer processing …