The interaction of programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PDL1) with its receptor programmed
cell death 1 (PD1) inhibits T cell responses, and blockade of this interaction has proven to …

Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is frequently observed in human
cancers. Binding of PD-L1 to its receptor PD-1 on activated T cells inhibits anti-tumor …

PURPOSE Biomarkers that can predict response to anti–programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)
therapy across multiple tumor types include a T-cell–inflamed gene-expression profile …

In vitro cancer cultures, including three-dimensional organoids, typically contain exclusively
neoplastic epithelium but require artificial reconstitution to recapitulate the tumor …

Cholangiocarcinoma is a disease entity comprising diverse epithelial tumours with features
of cholangiocyte differentiation: cholangiocarcinomas are categorized according to …

Head and neck cancers, including those of the lip and oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal
sinuses, oropharynx, larynx and nasopharynx represent nearly 700,000 new cases and …

Tumor mutational burden correlates with response to immune checkpoint blockade in
multiple solid tumors, although in microsatellite-stable tumors this association is of uncertain …

Immune checkpoints are small molecules expressed by immune cells that play critical roles
in maintaining immune homeostasis. Targeting the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T …

Targeted inhibitors of neurotropic tyrosine kinases are highly effective in selected patients
with gene fusions involving NTRK1, NTRK2, or NTRK3. These fusions are consistently …

Despite impressive durable responses, immune checkpoint inhibitors do not provide a long-
term benefit to the majority of patients with cancer. Understanding genomic correlates of …