Abstract Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 belongs to the TLR family of receptors inducing pro-
inflammatory responses to invading pathogens. TLR4 is activated by lipopolysaccharide …

The study of innate immunity and its link to inflammation and host defense encompasses
diverse areas of biology, ranging from genetics and biophysics to signal transduction and …

Simple Summary Nephrotoxicity is the dose-limiting factor of cisplatin treatment.
Nephrotoxicity is characterized by reduced kidney function. Although an often-reversible …

The intestinal mucosal barrier is composed of epithelial cells that are protected by an
overlying host-secreted mucous layer and functions as the first line of defence against …

Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and is linked to the development of numerous
diseases. The activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by long-chain saturated fatty acids …

Oxidized phospholipids that result from tissue injury operate as immunomodulatory signals
that, depending on the context, lead to proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory responses. In …

Highlights•MD-2 and CD14 regulate the transport and signaling functions of TLR4.•LPS-
induced CD14 aggregation modulates PIP5K activity to promote myddosome signaling …

Intracellular surveillance for systemic microbial components during homeostasis and
infections governs host physiology and immunity. However, a long-standing question is how …

Gasdermin D forms large,~ 21 nm diameter pores in the plasma membrane to drive the cell
death program pyroptosis. These pores are thought to be permanently open, and the …

Cohabitation of microbial communities with the host enables the formation of a symbiotic
relationship that maintains homeostasis in the gut and beyond. One prevailing model …