Neutrophils are critical to innate immunity, including host defense against bacterial and
fungal infections. They achieve their host defense role by phagocytosing pathogens …

More than a billion years ago, bacterial precursors of mitochondria became endosymbionts
in what we call eukaryotic cells today. The true significance of the word “endosymbiont” has …

Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs), by releasing Ca2+ from the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) of animal cells, allow Ca2+ to be redistributed from the ER to the cytosol or …

Abstract IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) release Ca2+ from the ER when they bind IP3 and Ca2+. The
spatial organization of IP3Rs determines both the propagation of Ca2+ signals between …

Mitochondria form junctions with the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER), which support
signal transduction and biosynthetic pathways and affect organellar distribution. Recently …

Ca2+ is one of the most important messengers. It transmits signals inside living cells and
takes part in intercellular coordination. The dynamics of the Ca2+ concentration shows a …

Inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors are the intracellular Ca2+ channels most
commonly involved in allowing receptors in the plasma membrane to stimulate release of …

Growing evidence suggests that propagation of cytosolic [Ca2+]([Ca2+] c) spikes and
oscillations to the mitochondria is important for the control of fundamental cellular functions …

Release of Ca2+ ions from intracellular stores can occur via two classes of Ca2+-release
channel (CRC) protein, the inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptors (Ins P 3Rs) and the …

The inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is an intracellular Ca2+ channel that is for
the largest part expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum. Its precise subcellular localization …