The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that interact with
the host to maintain structural and functional homeostasis. Acting as the interface between …

A general consensus exists that IBD is associated with compositional and metabolic
changes in the intestinal microbiota (dysbiosis). However, a direct causal relationship …

A complex bidirectional communication system exists between the gastrointestinal tract and
the brain. Initially termed the “gut-brain axis” it is now renamed the “microbiota-gut-brain …

Signaling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is critical for
intestinal homeostasis. To visualize epithelial expression of individual TLRs in vivo, we …

Immunopolymorphism is considered as an important aspect behind the resistance or
susceptibility of the host to an infectious disease. Over the years, researchers have explored …

The 'microbiota-gut-brain axis' plays a fundamental role in maintaining host homeostasis,
and different immune, hormonal, and neuronal signals participate to this interkingdom …

Our understanding of the microbial involvement in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
pathogenesis has increased exponentially over the past decade. The development of newer …

Recently, substantial advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been made owing to three related lines of …

The gut mucosa is constantly challenged by a bombardment of foreign antigens and
environmental microorganisms. As such, the precise regulation of the intestinal barrier …

The predominantly anaerobic microbiota of the distal ileum and colon contain an
extraordinarily complex variety of metabolically active bacteria and fungi that intimately …