Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of cyclic dimeric (3′→ 5′) GMP (cyclic
di-GMP or c-di-GMP). From the relative obscurity of an allosteric activator of a bacterial …

Escherichia coli can commonly be found, either as a commensal, probiotic or a pathogen, in
the human gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Biofilm formation and its regulation is surprisingly …

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a leading etiological agent of bacteremia in
humans. Virulence mechanisms of UPEC in the context of urinary tract infections have been …

In recent years, Escherichia coli has served as one of a few model bacterial species for
studying cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) signaling. The widely used E. coli K-12 laboratory strains …

Bacterial biofilms outperform planktonic counterparts in whole-cell biocatalysis. The
transition between planktonic and biofilm lifestyles of the platform strain Pseudomonas …

Signaling pathways allow bacteria to adapt to changing environments. For pathogenic
bacteria, signaling pathways allow for timely expression of virulence factors and the …

Quorum sensing (QS) has attracted great attention due to its important role in the bacterial
interactions and its relevance to water management. With the development of high …

Abstract c-di-GMP riboswitches are structured RNAs located in the 5′-untranslated regions
(5′-UTRs) of mRNAs that regulate expression of downstream genes in response to …

The ubiquitous bacterial cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) emerges as an
important messenger for the control of many bacterial cellular functions including virulence …

During colonization of the Hawaiian bobtail squid (Euprymna scolopes), Vibrio fischeri
bacteria undergo a lifestyle transition from a planktonic motile state in the environment to a …