Opioids mediate their effects via opioid receptors: mu, delta, and kappa. At the neuronal
level, opioid receptors are generally inhibitory, presynaptically reducing neurotransmitter …

The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

In an increasing number of states and countries, cannabis now stands poised to join alcohol
and tobacco as a legal drug. Quantifying the relative adverse and beneficial effects of …

Brain endocannabinoid (eCB) signalling influences the motivation for natural rewards (such
as palatable food, sexual activity and social interaction) and modulates the rewarding effects …

The discovery of cannabinoid receptors and subsequent identification of their endogenous
ligands (endocannabinoids) in early 1990s have greatly accelerated research on …

LTP and LTD, the long-term potentiation and depression of excitatory synaptic transmission,
are widespread phenomena expressed at possibly every excitatory synapse in the …

Addiction is a state of compulsive drug use; despite treatment and other attempts to control
drug taking, addiction tends to persist. Clinical and laboratory observations have converged …

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are a family of lipid molecules that act as key regulators of
synaptic transmission and plasticity. They are synthetized “on demand” following …

The endocannabinoids are a family of lipid messengers that engage the cell surface
receptors that are targeted by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, the active principle in marijuana …

Sleep is a vital function of the nervous system that contributes to brain and bodily
homeostasis, energy levels, cognitive ability, and other key functions of a variety of …