Snakebite envenoming is a pathological condition which may occur in response to the
injection of venom. Snake venoms contain a complex mixture of biologically active …

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the blood and
constitute key components of the innate immunity. Upon infection or tissue damage …

Background Snakebite in India results in over 58,000 fatalities and a vast number of
morbidities annually. The majority of these clinically severe envenomings are attributed to …

Background Snake venom composition is dictated by various ecological and environmental
factors, and can exhibit dramatic variation across geographically disparate populations of …

The socioeconomic impact of snakebites in India is largely attributed to a subset of snake
species commonly known as the 'big four'. However, envenoming by a range of other …

Interpopulation venom variation has been widely documented in snakes across large
geographical distances. This variability is known to markedly influence the effectiveness of …

Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) is one kind of type A trichothecene mycotoxin which produced by
Fusarium species which contaminates agricultural crops and food. DAS attracts particular …

Gouty arthritis (GA) is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by severe inflammation
due to the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in the joints. The …

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite with a global distribution. Heterophil extracellular
traps (HETs) are a novel innate immune mechanism of chickens against pathogens, but …

Neutrophils play a pivotal role in innate immunity and in the inflammatory response.
Neutrophils are very motile cells that are rapidly recruited to the inflammatory site as the …