Background Adaptive shifts in gut microbiome composition are one route by which animals
adapt to seasonal changes in food availability and diet. However, outside of dietary shifts …

Ethiopia is home to one of the richest and most unique assemblages of fauna and flora on
the African continent. Contained within its borders are two major centers of endemism, the …

Currently, most terrestrial ecosystems are altered by human activities. As a consequence of
land-use change, many primate species inhabit human-modified landscapes. However, our …

The past two million years of eastern African climate variability is currently poorly
constrained, despite interest in understanding its assumed role in early human evolution …

Understanding the extent to which primates in forest fragments can adjust behaviorally and
ecologically to changes caused by deforestation is essential to designing conservation …

Diet is a major driver of hominin evolution, but most of the geochemical evidence relies on
carbon isotopes (δ13C). Here, we report enamel stable calcium isotope (δ44/42Ca) values …

Chewing efficiency has been associated with fitness in mammals, yet little is known about
the behavioral, ecological, and morphological factors that influence chewing efficiency in …

Abstract Background The gelada monkey (Theropithecus gelada), endemic to the Ethiopian
highlands, is the only graminivorous primate, ie, it feeds mainly on grasses and sedges. In …

Background Understanding the effects of habitat modification on the feeding strategies of
threatened species is essential to designing effective conservation management plans. Bale …

Early-life microbial colonization is an important process shaping host physiology, 1, 2, 3
immunity, 4, 5, 6 and long-term health outcomes 7, 8, 9, 10 in humans. However, our …