▪ Abstract Many uses of gene trees implicitly assume that nominal species are monophyletic
in their alleles at the study locus. However, in well-sampled gene trees, certain alleles in one …

Modern attempts to produce biogeographic maps focus on the distribution of species, and
the maps are typically drawn without phylogenetic considerations. Here, we generate a …

Many continental sister species are allopatric or parapatric, ecologically similar and long
separated, of the order of millions of years. Sympatric, ecologically differentiated, species …

We analysed patterns of animal dispersal, vicariance and diversification in the Holarctic
based on complete phylogenies of 57 extant non-marine taxa, together comprising 770 …

Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds presents an up-to-date classification of
Australian birds. Building on the authors 1994 book, The Taxonomy and Species of Birds of …

Though biogeography may be simply defined--the study of the geographic distributions of
organisms--the subject itself is extraordinarily complex, involving a range of scientific …

The evolution of migration in birds remains an outstanding, unresolved question in
evolutionary ecology. A particularly intriguing question is why individuals in some species …

The Andean uplift played important roles in the historical diversification of Neotropical
organisms, both by producing new high-elevation habitats that could be colonized and by …

Gene tree paraphyly is a potentially serious problem because many phylogenetic and
phylogeographic studies assume species are monophyletic. Funk and Omland (Funk, DJ …

We present a phylogenetic hypothesis for 40 species in the bird family Paridae, based on
comparisons of nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene. Parids …