Epithelial cells line the entire surface of the gastrointestinal tract and its accessory organs
where they primarily function in transporting digestive enzymes, nutrients, electrolytes, and …

Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is a naturally occurring hydrophilic bile acid that has
been used for centuries in Chinese medicine. Chemically, TUDCA is a taurine conjugate of …

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise a group of common and debilitating chronic
intestinal disorders for which currently available therapies are often unsatisfactory. The …

Bile acids, mainly ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and its conjugated species
glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) have long …

The bile acid receptor FXR has emerged as a bona fide drug target for chronic cholestatic
and metabolic liver diseases, ahead of all non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). FXR is …

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been practiced for thousands of years, but only
within the last few decades has its use become more widespread outside of Asia. Concerns …

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a secondary bile acid issued from the transformation of
(cheno) deoxycholic acid by intestinal bacteria, acting as a key regulator of the intestinal …

Human-wildlife conflicts often spur retaliatory killing, which may be a major threat to some
wildlife species. Asiatic black bears depredate crops and livestock and also attack humans …

The illegal wildlife trade threatens the future of many species, and undermines economies
and livelihoods. Conservationists have largely responded with supply‐side interventions …

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a pharmaceutical ingredient widely used in clinics. As bile
acid it solubilizes cholesterol gallstones and improves the liver function in case of cholestatic …