An enlarged interpretation of alternatives in toxicology testing includes the replacement of
one animal species with another, preferably a nonmammalian species. This paper reviews …

Mouthpart deformities of Chironomus riparius larvae (Diptera) have been investigated to
evaluate the toxic effects of contamination by heavy metals in the Genna Stream (Central …

Mouthpart deformation in chironomid larvae is induced by exposure to chemical
contaminants and is becoming an established bio-indicator in sediment assessment …

Elevated morphological deformity rates in Chironomidae larvae have been attributed to such
pollutants as oil tars, pesticides, organochlorines, and heavy metals. The potential of …

Chironomid mouthpart deformities have often been associated with sediment contamination
and are, therefore, currently used to assess sediment quality. Deformities were only …

An in situ bioassay using mouthpart deformities in Chironomus riparius larvae was
developed to monitor sediment toxicity. Second-instar larvae, along with a standardized …

The long-term impact of pollution in freshwater aquatic environments can be assessed
realistically only if the mutagenic effects of pollutants on organisms inhabiting aquatic …

The dipterans have been widely utilized in genotoxicity assessment studies. Short life span,
easy maintenance, production of large number of offspring in a single generation and the …

Chironomids are important indicators of the effects of sediment‐bound contaminants.
However, cause–effect relationships between contaminant exposure and stress‐related …

The aim of the present study was to improve the cause–effect relationship between toxicant
exposure and chironomid mouthpart deformities, by linking induction of mouthpart …