Is the field of cognitive aging irretrievably concerned with decline and deficits, or is it shifting
to emphasize the hope of preservation and enhancement of cognitive function in late life? A …

Much evidence shows that physical exercise (PE) is a strong gene modulator that induces
structural and functional changes in the brain, determining enormous benefit on both …

Prolonged school closures are one of the most disruptive forces in the COVID‐19 era.
School closures have upended life for children and families, and educators have been …

Physical activity is one of the modifiable factors of cognitive decline and dementia with the
strongest evidence. Although many influential reviews have illustrated the neurobiological …

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a key molecule involved in plastic changes
related to learning and memory. The expression of BDNF is highly regulated, and can lead …

Exercise has been shown to benefit brain structure and function, particularly in aging
populations. However, the mechanisms by which exercise exerts its effects, especially in …

Obesity continues to be among the top health concerns across the globe. Despite our failure
to contain the high prevalence of obesity, we now have a better understanding of its …

Review of the evidence on, and fundamental questions about, efforts to improve executive
functions, including working memory Page 166 8 Review of the Evidence on, and Fundamental …

New advances in neurobiology are revealing that brain development and the learning it
enables are directly dependent on social-emotional experience. Growing bodies of research …

This review proposes that physical inactivity could be considered a behavior selected by
evolution for resting, and also selected to be reinforcing in life-threatening situations in …