Background Benzodiazepine misuse is a growing public health problem, with increases in
benzodiazepine-related overdose deaths and emergency room visits in recent years …

Substance use and abuse begin during adolescence. Male and female adolescent humans
initiate use at comparable rates, but males increase use faster. In adulthood, more men than …

Background: Despite the continuing epidemic of opioid misuse, data on the prevalence of
prescription opioid use, misuse, and use disorders are limited. Objective: To estimate the …

Background Increases in illicit pharmaceutical opioid (PO) use have been associated with
risk for transition to heroin use. We identify predictors of transition to heroin use among …

PURPOSE: Studies have substantiated a relationship between drug use, depression, and
suicidality. However, little research has examined this relationship with prescription drugs …

Background Codeine, a 3-methylmorphine, and other related opioids have been implicated
in androgen suppression, although the associated mechanisms remain unclear. Aim …

Objectives: This longitudinal study examined the prevalence and correlates of energy drink
use among college students, and investigated its possible prospective associations with …

OBJECTIVE: The nonmedical use of prescription drugs by adolescents and young adults
has surpassed all illicit drugs except marijuana, yet little is known about prescribing patterns …

Prescription drug abuse has reached an epidemic level in the United States. The prevalence
of prescription drug abuse escalated rapidly beginning in the late 1990s, requiring a …

Background Opioids are analgesics that have potential for misuse, abuse or addiction. Up to
an estimated 23 percent of prescribed doses are used nonmedically. As prescribers of 12 …