For many years, modulators of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) have been trusted by
clinicians for the control of essential hypertension. It was recently demonstrated that these …

The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) was initially considered to be part of the endocrine
system regulating water and electrolyte balance, systemic vascular resistance, blood …

Sarcopenia is an important public health problem, characterized by age-related loss of
muscle mass and muscle function. It is a precursor of physical frailty, mobility limitation, and …

Microglia can transform into proinflammatory/classically activated (M1) or anti-inflammatory/
alternatively activated (M2) phenotypes following environmental signals related to …

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) effects on aging and neurodegeneration is still
controversial. However, it is widely admitted that IGF-1 is involved in the neuroinflammatory …

Dopamine (DA) is one of the major neurotransmitters and participates in a number of
functions such as motor coordination, emotions, memory, reward mechanism …

At the beginning of December 2019, Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province and a large city of
approximately 11 million persons located in the central region of the People's Republic of …

Probiotics have been defined as “living microorganisms that create health benefits in the
host when taken in sufficient amounts. Recent developments in the understanding of the …

Overactivity of the angiotensin-type-1 receptor (AT1)/NADPH-oxidase axis enhances aging
processes, neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The role of AT2 receptors in the …

The exact mechanism of gut dysfunction in Parkinson's disease and, conversely, the role of
gut pathology in brain dopaminergic degeneration are controversial. We investigated the …