The aerial portion of a plant, namely the leaf, is inhabited by pathogenic and non-pathogenic
microbes. The leaf's physical and chemical properties, combined with fluctuating and often …

Animal and plant immune systems use intracellular nucleotide-binding oligomerization
domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) to detect pathogens, resulting in the activation of …

Nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are major immune receptors in
plants and animals. Upon activation, the Arabidopsis NLR protein ZAR1 forms a pentameric …

Plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) detect pathogen
effectors to trigger immune responses. Indirect recognition of a pathogen effector by the …

Plants utilise intracellular nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors to
detect pathogen effectors and activate local and systemic defence. NRG1 and ADR1 …

The EDS1 family of structurally unique lipase-like proteins EDS1, SAG101, and PAD4
evolved in seed plants, on top of existing phytohormone and nucleotide-binding–leucine …

Plant diseases caused by pathogens and pests are a constant threat to global food security.
Direct crop losses and the measures used to control disease (eg application of pesticides) …

Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein signaling platforms that initiate inflammatory
responses in response to pathogens and cellular damage. Active inflammasomes induce …

Viruses are acellular pathogens that cause severe infections in plants, resulting in
worldwide crop losses every year. The lack of chemical agents to control viral diseases …

Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) play important roles in the
innate immune systems of both plants and animals. Recent breakthroughs in NLR …