Oxidative stress is a complex chemical and physiological phenomenon that accompanies
virtually all biotic and abiotic stresses in higher plants and develops as a result of …

Electrolyte leakage accompanies plant response to stresses, such as salinity, pathogen
attack, drought, heavy metals, hyperthermia, and hypothermia; however, the mechanism and …

Despite the importance of stem cells in plant and animal development, the common
mechanisms of stem cell maintenance in both systems have remained elusive. Recently, the …

Background Besides being essential for plant structure and metabolism, soluble
carbohydrates play important roles in stress responses. Sucrose has been shown to confer …

Plant pathogens can be divided into biotrophs and necrotrophs according to their different
life styles; biotrophs prefer living, while necrotrophs prefer dead cells for nutritional …

Gas spaces (aerenchyma) form as an adaptation to submergence to facilitate gas exchange.
In rice (Oryza sativa), aerenchyma develop by cell death and lysis, which are poorly …

Germins and germin-like proteins (GLPs) constitute a large and highly diverse family of
ubiquitous plant proteins. The name germin was given because the first described member …

Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) and the
superoxide anion radical (O 2·−) accumulate in many plants during attack by microbial …

Rice (Oryza sativa) forms adventitious root primordia at stem nodes during normal
development. Root emergence is preceded by ethylene-induced, H2O2-mediated local …

There is growing evidence that multivesicular bodies and cell wall-associated paramural
bodies participate in the enhanced vesicle trafficking induced by pathogen attack.• Here, we …