Dysregulation of peptide-activated pathways causes a range of diseases, fostering the
discovery and clinical development of peptide drugs. Many endogenous peptides activate G …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality and is
independently associated with cardiovascular disease. The mainstay of treatment for CKD is …

The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged to a
pandemic and caused global public health crisis. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 …

Apelin is a vasoactive peptide and is an endogenous ligand for APJ receptors, which are
widely expressed in blood vessels, heart, and cardiovascular regulatory regions of the brain …

In this review, we identify opportunities for drug discovery in the treatment of COVID‐19 and,
in so doing, provide a rational roadmap whereby pharmacology and pharmacologists can …

The predicted protein encoded by the APJ gene discovered in 1993 was originally classified
as a class AG protein-coupled orphan receptor but was subsequently paired with a novel …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19, is
reported to increase the rate of mortality worldwide. COVID-19 is associated with acute …

Apelin and apela (ELABELA/ELA/Toddler) are two peptide ligands for a class A G-protein-
coupled receptor named the apelin receptor (AR/APJ/APLNR). Ligand-AR interactions have …

ACE2 is a membrane protein that regulates the cardiovascular system. Additionally, ACE2
acts as a receptor for host cell infection by human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 …

The apelinergic system is widely expressed and acts through autocrine and paracrine
signaling to exert protective effects, including vasodilatory, metabolic, and inotropic effects …