This review compiles research results published over the last 14 years on conifer somatic
embryogenesis (SE). Emphasis is placed on the newest findings that affect the response of …

In conifers, somatic embryogenesis is uniquely initiated from immature embryos in a narrow
time window, which is considerably hindered by the difficulty to induce embryogenic tissue …

Maritime pine somatic embryos (SE s) require a reduction in water availability (high gellan
gum concentration in the maturation medium) to reach the cotyledonary stage. This key …

Cryopreservation is considered the safe and efficient strategy for the long-term conservation
of embryogenic cultures. The objective of this study was to cryopreserve the embryogenic …

Douglas-fir is a conifer species of major economic importance worldwide, including Western
Europe and New Zealand. Herein we describe some characterization and significant …

Embryogenic cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies) were treated with exogenous
putrescine (Put) applied via either proliferation or maturation media to determine how such …

The goal of the study was to quantify the effect of different cryoprotective pretreatments on
the maturation ability of cryopreserved Pinus radiata embryogenic tissue. Fourteen cell lines …

In Norway spruce, as in many other conifers, the germination capacity of somatic embryos is
strongly influenced by the desiccation phase inserted after maturation. The intensity of …

In somatic embryogenesis (SE) of conifers, the inability of many embryogenic cell lines to
form well-developed somatic embryos may results from failure and constraints during the …

Embryogenic tissues of Abies alba Mill. were cryopreserved using the slow-freezing
approach. Four cell lines were incubated for 24 h on a medium with 0.5 M sorbitol and pre …