Porous materials possessing high surface area, large pore volume, tunable pore structure,
superior tailorability, and dimensional effect have been widely applied as components of …

Aprotic lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries are receiving intense research interest by virtue of
their ultra-high theoretical specific energy. However, current Li–O2 batteries are suffering …

Advanced proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are highly desirable in emerging
sustainable energy technology. However, the further improvement of commercial …

The separator is a critical component in lithium ion batteries that is not involved in
electrochemical reactions but directly affects the safety and electrochemical properties of …

Solid‐state Li–air batteries with ultrahigh energy density and safety are promising for long‐
range electric vehicles and special electronics. However, the challenging issues of …

Developing lithium oxygen (Li–O2) batteries is critical to achieve high energy density in
energy storage devices. Benefiting from the low weight of the cathode reagent, oxygen, Li …

Rechargeable lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries with ultrahigh theoretical energy density
have attracted great attention as energy storage and conversion devices. However, due to …

Limited by the energy density and stability of currently developed Li-ion battery, there are
eager demands for high energy density of electrochemical energy storage devices. Among …

The realization of lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries has been impeded by parasitic reactions
that cause cell component degradation, often accompanied by the release of CO2 gas …

Redox mediators (RMs) have been developed as efficient approaches to lower the charge
polarization of Li–O2 batteries. However, the shuttle effect resulting from their soluble nature …