Importance Primary care clinicians find managing chronic pain challenging. Evidence of
long-term efficacy of opioids for chronic pain is limited. Opioid use is associated with serious …

Background: Increases in prescriptions of opioid medications for chronic pain have been
accompanied by increases in opioid overdoses, abuse, and other harms and uncertainty …

Background: Long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain is becoming increasingly
common in community practice. Concomitant with this change in practice, rates of fatal …

Importance The unprecedented increase in unintentional overdose events that has occurred
in tandem with escalating sales of prescription opioids over the past 2 decades has raised …

BACKGROUND: Recent neurophysiological evidence attests to the validity of fibromyalgia
(FM), a chronic pain condition that affects> 2% of the population. OBJECTIVES: To present …

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recognizes Medicaid as a
high-risk population for fatal opioid overdose. Further research is needed to identify factors …

Opioids are widely prescribed for non-cancer pain conditions (NCPC), but there have been
no large observational studies in actual clinical practice assessing patterns of opioid use …

This paper is the 28th consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning
the endogenous opioid system, now spanning over a quarter-century of research. It …

Chronic noncancer pain is common and use of opioids is increasing. Previously published
guidelines on use of opioids for chronic noncancer pain have been based primarily on …

The heroin epidemic has existed for decades, but a sharp rise in opioid overdose deaths
(OODs) jolted the nation in the mid-twenty-teens and continues as a major health crisis to …