Stress constitutes a state of threatened homeostasis triggered by intrinsic or extrinsic
adverse forces (stressors) and is counteracted by an intricate repertoire of physiologic and …

The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis represents a complex neuroendocrine
feedback loop controlling the secretion of adrenal glucocorticoid hormones. Central to its …

Exposure to stress is an undeniable, but in most cases surmountable, part of life. However,
in certain individuals, exposure to severe or cumulative stressors can lead to an array of …

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is the archetypal polypeptide precursor of hormones and
neuropeptides. In this review, we examine the variability in the individual peptides produced …

Obesity is a global epidemic that contributes to a number of health complications including
cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer and neuropsychiatric disorders …

The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which is composed of the cannabinoid receptors types
1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) for marijuana's psychoactive ingredient∆ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆ …

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulates the outflow of glucocorticoid
hormones under basal conditions and in response to stress. Within the last decade, a large …

Coinciding with the increasing rates of cannabis abuse has been the recognition of a new
clinical condition known as Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome. Cannabinoid …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis and enable the
organism to prepare for, respond to and manage stress, either physical or emotional …

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a highly versatile signaling system within the nervous
system. Despite its widespread localization, its functions within the context of distinct neural …