Anhedonia is considered a core feature of major depressive disorder, and the dopamine
system plays a pivotal role in the hedonic deficits described in this disorder. Dopaminergic …

Now 30 years old, the chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has been used in>
1300 published studies, with a year-on-year increase rising to> 200 papers in 2015. Data …

We present a comprehensive overview of the neurobiology of unipolar major depression
and antidepressant drug action, integrating data from affective neuroscience, neuro-and …

The chronic mild stress (CMS) model of depression has high validity but has in the past
been criticized for being difficult to replicate. However, a large number of recent publications …

The chronic mild (or unpredictable/variable) stress (CMS) model was developed as an
animal model of depression more than 20 years ago. The foundation of this model was that …

The glucocorticoid hormone cortisol is essential for many forms of regulatory physiology and
for cognitive appraisal. Cortisol, while associated with fear and stress response, is also the …

BACKGROUND: The endocannabinoid anandamide may be involved in the regulation of
emotional reactivity. In particular, it has been shown that pharmacological inhibition of the …

The role of the D3 receptor has remained largely elusive before the development of
selective research tools, such as selective radioligands, antibodies, various highly specific …

Chronic mild stress (CMS) has been reported to induce an anhedonic-like state in rats that
resembles some of the symptoms of endogenous depression in humans. In the present …

The goal of this review is to familiarize the reader about the potential involvement of the
brain reward system (BRS) in symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The authors …