In chronic infections and cancer, T cells are exposed to persistent antigen and/or
inflammatory signals. This scenario is often associated with the deterioration of T cell …

Lymph nodes (LNs) are strategically positioned at dedicated sites throughout the body to
facilitate rapid and efficient immunity. Central to the structural integrity and framework of LNs …

“Stem-like” TCF1+ CD8+ T (TSL) cells are necessary for long-term maintenance of T cell
responses and the efficacy of immunotherapy, but, as tumors contain signals that should …

Chronic viral infections are characterized by a state of CD8+ T-cell dysfunction that is
associated with expression of the programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) inhibitory receptor,,,. A …

T-cell exhaustion is a phenomenon of dysfunction or physical elimination of antigen-specific
T cells reported in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and …

CD4+ T cell-derived interleukin 21 (IL-21) sustains CD8+ T cell responses during chronic
viral infection, but the helper subset that confers this protection remains unclear. Here, we …

Type I interferons (IFN-Is) are emerging as key drivers of inflammation and
immunosuppression in chronic infection. Control of these infections requires IFN-I signaling; …

T cell exhaustion is a state of T cell dysfunction that arises during many chronic infections
and cancer. It is defined by poor effector function, sustained expression of inhibitory …

CD8+ T cells are important for the protective immunity against intracellular pathogens and
tumor. In the case of chronic infection or cancer, CD8+ T cells are exposed to persistent …

Follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) are essential for high-affinity antibody production and for the
development of B cell memory. Historically, FDCs have been characterized as' …