Antigen processing and presentation are the cornerstones of adaptive immunity. B cells
cannot generate high-affinity antibodies without T cell help. CD4+ T cells, which provide …

Antigenic peptide-loaded MHC class II molecules (peptide–MHC class II) are constitutively
expressed on the surface of professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), including …

T cell recognition of antigen-presenting cells depends on their expression of a spectrum of
peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) and class II (MHC-II) …

Mature B lymphocytes (B cells) recognize antigens using their B cell receptor (BCR) and are
activated to become antibody-producing cells. In addition, and integral to the development of …

Monocytes play a critical role in the innate and adaptive immune systems, performing
phagocytosis, presenting antigen, and producing cytokines. They are a heterogeneous …

Tapasin is a glycoprotein critical for loading major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I
molecules with high-affinity peptides. It functions within the multimeric peptide-loading …

MIF is a chemokine-like inflammatory mediator that triggers leukocyte recruitment by binding
to CXCR2 and CXCR4. MIF also interacts with CD74/invariant chain, a single-pass …

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a proinflammatory cytokine, is overexpressed
in prostate cancer, but the mechanism by which MIF exerts effects on tumor cells remains …

The 25 kDa Mad2 protein is a key player in the spindle assembly checkpoint, a safeguard
against chromosome segregation errors in mitosis. Mad2 combines three unusual …

Currently, it is not understood how the specificity of the TCR guides CD4+ T cells into the
conventional lineage (Tconv) vs directing them to become regulatory (Treg) cells defined by …