The existence of mantle plumes was first proposed in the 1970s to explain intra-plate,
hotspot volcanism, yet owing to difficulties in resolving mantle upwellings with geophysical …

The study of noble gases in oceanic basalts is central to understanding chemical
heterogeneity of the Earth's mantle and origin of the atmosphere. In the terrestrial …

Seismic images of Earth's interior have revealed two continent-sized anomalies with low
seismic velocities, known as the large low-velocity provinces (LLVPs), in the lowermost …

The composition of the lower mantle—comprising 56% of Earth's volume—remains poorly
constrained. Among the major elements, Mg/Si ratios ranging from∼ 0.9–1.1, such as in …

Plate tectonics and convection of the solid, rocky mantle are responsible for transporting
heat out of Earth. However, the physics of plate tectonics is poorly understood; other planets …

The Urey ratio describes the contribution of internal heat production to planetary‐scale
energy balance, and knowing this thermal budget for Earth is essential to understand its …

Complementary to field-oriented reconstruction, a theoretical approach based on the
physics of mantle convection may provide a simple yet comprehensive framework, which …

Improved constraints on lower-mantle composition are fundamental to understand the
accretion, differentiation, and thermochemical evolution of our planet. Cosmochemical …

Heterogeneous compositional mantle models are frequently invoked to explain some
observations obtained from geochemistry and seismology. In particular, two regions in the …

▪ Abstract Observations of the geochemical diversity of mid-oceanic ridge and ocean-island
basalts have traditionally been attributed to the existence of large-scale mantle …