Air pollution poses a critical threat to human health with ambient and household air pollution
identified as key health risks in India. While there are many studies investigating …

Abstract Introduction: Article 8 of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control mandates
all signatory countries to “protect citizens from exposure to tobacco smoke in workplaces …

Tobacco use and exposure to tobacco smoke remain major but avoidable causes of
premature mortality and disease worldwide. Although the age-standardized prevalence of …

Waterpipe smoking has been growing in popularity in the United States and worldwide. Most
tobacco control regulations remain limited to cigarettes. Few studies have investigated …

Introduction Few studies have comprehensively characterized toxic chemicals related to
waterpipe use and secondhand waterpipe exposure. This cross-sectional study investigated …

Background Smoke-free environments decrease smoking prevalence and consequently the
incidence of heart disease and lung cancer. Due to issues related to poor enforcement …

Objective The prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking has risen in recent decades.
Controlled studies suggest that waterpipe secondhand smoke (SHS) contains similar or …

Third-hand smoke (THS) causes pathological changes in the liver, lungs, and skin. THS
exposure can be ubiquitous, chronic, and unconscious. However, little is known about THS …

Background Most smoke-free legislation to reduce secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure
exempts waterpipe (hookah) smoking venues. Few studies have examined SHS exposure in …

Background The major decrease in exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) in public places
in recent decades could have contributed to the decline in smoking-related cancer mortality …