The origin of vertebrates was accompanied by the advent of a novel cell type: the neural
crest. Emerging from the central nervous system, these cells migrate to diverse locations and …

Our understanding of the neural crest, a key vertebrate innovation, is built upon studies of
multiple model organisms. Early research on neural crest cells (NCCs) was dominated by …

Bone is an evolutionary novelty of vertebrates, likely to have first emerged as part of
ancestral dermal armor that consisted of osteogenic and odontogenic components. Whether …

Hagfish depart so much from other fishes anatomically that they were sometimes considered
not fully vertebrate. They may represent:(i) an anatomically primitive outgroup of vertebrates …

Understanding the evolutionary transformation of fish fins into tetrapod limbs is a
fundamental problem in biology. The search for antecedents of tetrapod digits in fish has …

Microchemical analyses of fish otoliths have revolutionized fisheries science. Molecules
deposited within otoliths may originate from ambient water and diet, with molecular …

In the neural primordium of vertebrate embryos, the neural crest (NC) displays a unique
character: the capacity of its component cells to leave the neural primordium, migrate along …

The neural crest is a migratory cell population that contributes to multiple tissues and organs
during vertebrate embryonic development. It is remarkable in its ability to differentiate into an …

Two major skeletal systems—the endoskeleton and exoskeleton—are recognized in
vertebrate evolution. Here, we propose that these two systems are distinguished primarily by …

Understanding how patterning influences cell behaviors to generate three dimensional
morphologies is a central goal of developmental biology. Additionally, comparing these …