Plants are the sources of many bioactive secondary metabolites which are present in plant
organs including leaves, stems, roots, and flowers. Although they provide advantages to the …

Biotechnology is playing a vital alternative role in the production of pharmaceutical plant
secondary metabolites to support industrial production and mitigate over-exploitation of …

The temporary immersion systems (TISs) have been widely used in plant biotechnology.
TISs have different advantages from the point of micropropagation and production of …

Hairy root cultures (HRCs), induced by Agrobacterium rhizogenes infection, have been
established from a wide variety of plant species. HRCs accumulate phytochemicals to levels …

Plants are a rich source of valuable secondary metabolites. Plant cell culture technologies
developed in the past as possible tools for secondary metabolites production. In most cases …

Agrobacterium rhizogenes is a natural plant genetic engineer. It is a gram-negative soil
bacterium that induces hairy root formation. Success has been obtained in exploring the …

Bioreactors are engineered systems capable of supporting a biologically active situation for
conducting aerobic or anaerobic biochemical processes. Stability, operational ease …

Plant cells have been demonstrated to be an attractive heterologous expression host (using
whole plants and in vitro plant cell cultures) for foreign protein production in the past …

Plant cells contain a wide range of interesting secondary metabolites, which are used as
natural pigments and flavoring agents in foods and cosmetics as well as phyto …

The use of in vitro tissue culture for herbal medicines has been recognized as a valuable
source of botanical secondary metabolites. The tissue culture of ginseng species is used in …