Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) survey intra-and extracellular spaces for pathogen-
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) within microbial products of infection. Recognition …

Abstract Families of innate immune receptors serve as the bodies primary defence system
by recognising and rapidly responding to infection by microorganisms or to endogenous …

TLRs play a critical role in the detection of microbes and endogenous “alarmins” to initiate
host defense, yet they can also contribute to the development and progression of …

Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 is an endosomal innate immune sensor capable of detecting
single-stranded ribonucleic acid. TLR7-mediated induction of type I interferon and other …

Summary Unc-93 homolog B1 (UNC93B1) is a key regulator of nucleic acid (NA)-sensing
Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Loss of NA-sensing TLR responses in UNC93B1-deficient …

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a precursor to the major health diseases associated with high
mortality in industrialized countries: cardiovascular disease and diabetes. An important …

Mitochondria are the source of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are
molecules that play a key modulatory role in immune cells. These molecules include …

Timely and precise delivery of the endosomal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to the ligand
recognition site is a critical event in mounting an effective antimicrobial immune response …

Abstract Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 13 and TLR 2 are the major sensors of Gram‐positive
bacteria in mice. TLR 13 recognizes Sa19, a specific 23S ribosomal (r) RNA‐derived …

Invasion of pathogenic microorganisms or tissue damage activates innate immune signaling
receptors that sample subcellular locations for foreign molecular structures, altered host …