This article is part of a Special Issue “Puberty and Adolescence”. Puberty is one of the most
frequently discussed risk periods for the development of eating disorders. Prevailing …

Opioid agonists are the most effective treatment for pain, but their use is limited by side
effects, tolerance and fears of addiction and dependence. A major goal of opioid research is …

Sex differences in pain severity, response, and pathological susceptibility are widely
reported, but the neural mechanisms that contribute to these outcomes remain poorly …

Despite the exponential increase in fear research during the last years, few studies have
included female subjects in their design. The need to include females arises from the …

Clinical data suggest that gender dimorphic profiles are emerging in terms of both drug
efficacy and adverse drug reactions (ADRs). With an increasing emphasis on individualised …

Addictions are highly heritable disorders, with heritability estimates ranging from 39% to
72%. Multiple studies suggest a link between paternal drug abuse and addiction in their …

An abundance of data indicates there are sex differences in endogenous opioid peptides
and opioid receptors, leading to functional differences in sensitivity to opioid receptor …

Our dynamic environment regularly exposes us to potentially life-threatening challenges or
stressors. To answer these challenges and maintain homeostasis, the stress response, an …

Oxycodone, a semisynthetic derivative of naturally occurring thebaine, an opioid alkaloid,
has been available for more than 100 years. Although thebaine cannot be used …

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the human μ-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1
A118G) has been widely studied for its association in a variety of drug addiction and pain …