Addiction is a chronic, relapsing disorder, characterised by the long-term propensity of
addicted individuals to relapse. A major factor that obstructs the attainment of abstinence is …

Memory reconsolidation is the process by which memories, destabilised at retrieval, require
restabilisation to persist in the brain. It has been demonstrated that even old, well …

Consolidation and reconsolidation are phases of memory stabilization that diverge slightly.
Noradrenaline is known to influence both processes, but the relative contribution of α1-and β …

Persistent, unwanted memories are believed to be key contributors to drug addiction and the
chronic relapse problem over the lifetime of the addict. Contrary to the long-held idea that …

Since its rediscovery at the beginning of the 21st Century, memory reconsolidation has been
proposed to be a therapeutic target for reducing the impact of emotional memories that can …

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic psychiatric disorder that may develop
after exposure to a life-threatening trauma. As veterans and armed forces may deal with …

Background Drug memories that associate drug-paired stimuli with the effects of abused
drugs contribute to relapse. Exposure to drug-associated contexts causes consolidated drug …

Memory reconsolidation has been observed across species and in a number of behavioral
paradigms. The majority of memory reconsolidation studies have been carried out in …

Systematic investigation of reactivation-induced memory updating began in the 1960s, and
a wave of research in this area followed the seminal articulation of “reconsolidation” theory …

The responsiveness of central noradrenergic systems to stressors and cocaine poses
norepinephrine as a potential common mechanism through which drug re-exposure and …